Pansies   23-XIII
MAGNOLIOPHYTA
eurosids 1
 
 
Pansies (Viola sp.) are in the order Malpighiales.



Chapter Outline
  1. Description of Magnoliophyta
  2. Classification of Magnoliophyta
  3. Basal Magnoliophyta
  4. magnoliids
  5. Liliopsida
  6. commelinids
  7. eudicotyledons
  8. core eudicotyledons
  9. asterids
  10. lamiids
  11. campanulids
  12. rosids
  13. fabids
  14. malvids

Tree



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CELASTRALES  

As of 2023, 47 species of Celastrales have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 480 throughout the world.

  • FAMILY CELASTRACEAE
    • Bittersweets (Celastrus) - Perry Lake, KS
      • Oriental Bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus) - most iNat observations in the US for Celastrales, but is introduced
      • American Bittersweet (Celastrus scandens)
    • Spindles (Euonymus) - Lawrence Nature Park, KS
      • Strawberry Bush (Euonymus americanus) - most native iNat observations in the US for Celastrales
      • Eastern Wahoo (Euonymus atropurpurea) - 6 (Onondaga, Tallgrass Prairie)
    • Crucifixion Thorn (Canotia holacantha) - 9 (Higher elevations of Sonoran Desert) - Photosynthesis with twigs, not leaves
    • Grasses-of-Parnassus (Parnassia) - 6 (Mark Twain NF, RMNP)
  • FAMILY LEPIDOBOTRYACEAE
    • 2 species worldwide
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CUCURBITALES  

As of 2023, 93 species of Cucurbitales have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 1,023 throughout the world.

  • FAMILY ANISOPHYLLEACEAE
  • FAMILY APODANTHACEAE
  • FAMILY BEGONIACEAE
    • Angelwing Begonia (Begonia sp.) - Schoenberg Temperate House at MOBOT - NOAH
  • FAMILY CORIARIACEAE
  • FAMILY CORYNOCARPACEAE
  • FAMILY CUCURBITACEAE
    • Chilicothe (Marah macrocarpa)
    • Cucurbita
      • Buffalo Gourd (Cucurbita foetidissima) - 4 (Comanche NG)
      • Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo)
      • Squash (Cucurbita moschata)
    • Wild Cucumber (Echinocystis lobata)
    • Cucumis
      • Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)
      • Muskmelon (Cucumis melo)
    • Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)
    • Burr Cucumber (Sicyos angulatus) - Great Smoky Mountains NP
  • FAMILY DATISCACEAE
  • FAMILY TETRAMELACEAE
Links:


FABALES  

As of 2023, 1,745 species of Fabales have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 10,640 throughout the world.

  • FAMILY FABACEAE
    • Clovers (Trifolium) - Perry Lake, KS
      • White Clover (Trifolium repens) - most iNat observations in the US for Fabales
      • Tundra/Dwarf Clover (Trifolium nanum) - 6 (Tundra at RMNP)
    • Mulga (Acacia aneura) - 6 (Desert Dome at Omaha Zoo)
    • Leadplants (Amorpha)
      • Leadplant (Amorpha canescens) - 6 (Konza)
      • Ouachita Mountain Leadplant (Amorpha oachitensis) - Dry Streambed Garden at MOBOT - NOAH
    • Hog Peanut (Amphicarpaea bracteata) - Effigy Mounds, IA
    • Ground Plum (Astragalus crassicarpus) - 6 (Konza)
    • Blue Wild Indigo (Baptisia australis) - Greenwood County, KS, Prairie Garden Trust, MO
    • Pink Fairy Duster (Calliandra eriophylla) - 6 (Desert Dome at Omaha Zoo)
    • Desert Cassia (Cassia) - 6 (Desert Dome at Omaha Zoo)
    • Eastern Redbud (Cercis canadensis) - most native iNat observations in the US for Fabales - Perry Lake, KS
    • Partridge Pea (Chamaecrista fasciculata) - Perry Lake, KS
    • Sensitive Plant (Chamaecrista nictitans) - Perry Lake, KS
    • Yellowwood (Cladrastis kentukea) - Great Smoky Mountains NP
    • Purple Prairie Clover (Dalea purpurea) - 6 (Tallgrass Prairie)
    • Illinois Bundleflower (Desmanthus illinoensis) - Kansas History Museum
    • Honey Locust (Gleditsia triacanthos) - Perry Lake, KS
    • Kentucky Coffeetree (Gymnocladus dioicus) - Clinton Lake, KS
    • Perennial Pea/Sweet Pea (Lathyrus latifolius) - Great Smoky Mountains NP
    • Bush Clover/Lespedeza (Lespedeza) - Perry Lake, KS
    • Bird’s-Foot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus)
    • Lupines (Lupinus) - Gunnison County, CO
      • Silvery Lupine (Lupinus argenteus) - 5 (Agate), Summit County, CO
    • Yellow Sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis) - Perry Lake, KS
    • Fourvalve Mimosa (Mimosa quadrivalvis) - 6 (Konza)
    • Lambert’s Crazyweed (Oxytropis lambertii) - 5 (Agate)
    • Honey Mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) - Palo Duro Canyon, TX
    • Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) - Great Smoky Mountains NP
    • Purple Crownvetch (Securigera varia) - Perry Lake, KS
    • Senna (Senna) - 6 (Desert Dome at Omaha Zoo)
    • Sweet Thorn Acacia (Vachellia karroo) - 6 (Desert Dome at Omaha Zoo)
    • Vetches (Vicia)
    • Food
      • Peas (Pisum sativum)
      • Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea)
      • Green Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)
      • Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)
  • FAMILY POLYGALACEAE
    • Fringed Polygala (Polygaloides paucifolia)
    • Milkworts (Polygala)
  • FAMILY QUILLAJACEAE
  • FAMILY SURIANACEAE
Links:


FAGALES  

As of 2023, 303 species of Fagales have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 892 throughout the world. Even with such comparatively low numbers, these include some of the most conspicuous species, such as oaks, hickories, beeches and walnuts.

  • FAMILY BETULACEAE
    • Birches (Betula) - Adirondacks, Great Smoky Mountains NP
      • Yellow Birch (Betula alleghaniensis) - 3 (Adirondacks)
      • Paper Birch (Betula papyrifera)
      • River Birch (Betula nigra)
      • Sweet Birch (Betula lenta)
      • Gray Birch (Betula populifolia)
    • Common Alder (Alnus serrulata) - Great Smoky Mountains NP
    • Ironwood (Carpinus caroliniana) - Great Smoky Mountains NP
  • FAMILY CASUARINACEAE
    • Beefwood (Casuarina nana) - Shoenberg Temperate House at MOBOT
  • FAMILY FAGACEAE
    • American Beech (Fagus grandiflora) - Adirondacks, Great Smoky Mountains NP - the only Beech native to the US
    • Oaks (Quercus)
      • Red or Shumard Oak - Clinton Lake
      • Coast Live Oak (Quercus agrifolia)
      • White Oak (Quercus alba)
      • Bur Oak (Quercus macrocarpa)
      • Chestnut Oak (Quercus montana) - Lone Star Lake, KS
      • Chinquapin Oak (Quercus muehlenbergii) - Perry Lake, KS
      • Willow Oak (Quercus phellos)
      • Northern Red Oak (Quercus rubra) - Perry Lake, KS
      • Shumard Oak (Quercus shumardii)
      • Southern Live Oak (Quercus virginiana)
      • Black Oak (Quercus velutina) - Pomona Lake, KS
      • Shingle Oak (Quercus imbricaria) - Perry Lake, KS
    • American Chestnut (Castanea dentata) - Great Smoky Mountains NP
  • FAMILY JUGLANDACEAE
    • Hickories (Carya) - Perry Lake, KS, Great Smoky Mountains NP
      • Bitternut Hickory (Carya cordiformis)
      • Pignut Hickory (Carya glabra)
      • Pecan (Carya illinoinensis)
      • Shagbark Hickory (Carya ovata) - Perry Lake, KS
      • Mockernut (Carya tomentosa)
    • Black Walnut (Juglans nigra) - Great Smoky Mountains NP
  • FAMILY MYRICACEAE
    • Bayberry (Morella)
  • FAMILY NOTHOFAGACEAE
    • Southern Beech (Nothofagus) - Southern Hemisphere
  • FAMILY RHOIPTELEACEAE
  • FAMILY TICODENDRACEAE
Links:


MALPIGHIALES  

As of 2023, 982 species of Malpighiales have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 6,799 throughout the world.

  • FAMILY ACHARIACEAE
  • FAMILY BALANOPACEAE
  • FAMILY BONNETIACEAE
  • FAMILY CALOPHYLLACEAE
  • FAMILY CARYOCARACEAE
  • FAMILY CENTROPLACACEAE
  • FAMILY CHRYSOBALANACEAE
  • FAMILY CLUSIACEAE
    • Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) - Food (fruit)
  • FAMILY CTENOLOPHONACEAE
  • FAMILY DICHAPETALACEAE
  • FAMILY ELATINACEAE
  • FAMILY ERYTHROXYLACEAE
    • Coca (Erythroxylum)
  • FAMILY EUPHORBIACEAE
    • Firetails/Chenille Plant (Acalypha hispida) - Linnean House at MOBOT - NOAH
    • Spurges (Euphorbia)
      • Spurge (Euphorbia sp.)- Shoenberg Temperate House at MOBOT - NOAH
      • Snow-on-the-Mountain (Euphorbia marginata) - Little Jerusalem SP, KS
  • FAMILY EUPHRONIACEAE
  • FAMILY GOUPIACEAE
  • FAMILY HUMIRIACEAE
  • FAMILY HYPERICACEAE
    • Common St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) - 2 (Great Smoky Mountains NP), 3 (Wild Center in the Adirondacks), 6 (Kemper Garden at MOBOT)
  • FAMILY IRVINGIACEAE
  • FAMILY IXONANTHACEAE
  • FAMILY LACISTEMATACEAE
  • FAMILY LINACEAE
  • FAMILY LOPHOPYXIDACEAE
  • FAMILY MALPIGHIACEAE
    • Singapore Holly (Malpighia coccigera) - Climatron at MOBOT - NOAH
  • FAMILY OCHNACEAE
  • FAMILY PANDACEAE
  • FAMILY PASSIFLORACEAE
    • Passionflowers (Passiflora)
  • FAMILY PERACEAE
  • FAMILY PHYLLANTHACEAE
  • FAMILY PICRODENDRACEAE
  • FAMILY PODOSTEMACEAE
  • FAMILY PUTRANJIVACEAE
  • FAMILY RAFFLESIACEAE
  • FAMILY RHIZOPHORACEAE
    • American/Red Mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) - Climatron at MOBOT - NOAH - the only true mangrove native to the US
  • FAMILY SALICACEAE
    • Poplars, Cottonwoods and Aspens (Populus)
      • Aspens (Populus tremuloides) (in Summer) - NOAH
      • Aspens (Populus tremuloides) (in Autumn) - NOAH
      • Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides) - Perry Lake, KS
    • Black Willow (Salix nigra) - Baker Wetlands, Great Smoky Mountains NP - NOAH
    • Snow Willow (Salix nivalis) - 6 (Alpine VC at RMNP)
  • FAMILY TRIGONIACEAE
  • FAMILY VIOLACEAE
    • Violets (Viola) - Perry Lake, KS
      • Common Blue Violet (Viola sororia)
      • Pansies (Viola sp.) - Swift Family Garden and German Garden at MOBOT - NOAH
      • Roundleaf Yellow Violet (Viola rotundifolia) - Great Smoky Mountains NP
Links:


OXALIDALES  

As of 2023, 51 species of Oxalidales have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 822 throughout the world. All but about seven of the observations are from the genus Oxalis. The most commonly-observed species in the US is the Bermuda Buttercup (Oxalis pes-caprae), which was introduced, and can be found throughout the California Floristic Province. The most commonly-observed native species is the Violet Woodsorrel (Oxalis violacea), which is found over much of the Eastern US. All of the most commonly-observed native species of Oxalidales can be found in Trip 2 except the Redwood Sorrel.

  • FAMILY BRUNELLIACEAE
  • FAMILY CEPHALOTACEAE
  • FAMILY CONNARACEAE
  • FAMILY CUNONIACEAE
  • FAMILY ELAEOCARPACEAE
    • Quandongs/Elaeocarpus (Elaeocarpus)
  • FAMILY HUACEAE
  • FAMILY OXALIDACEAE
    • Violet Woodsorrel (Oxalis violacea) - most native iNat observations in the US for Oxalidales
    • Redwood Sorrel (Oxalis oregana) - The second-most-commonly-observed native species, found in the Pacific Northwest
    • Mountain Woodsorrel (Oxalis montana) - 3 (Adirondacks)
    • Tree Oxalis (Oxalis ortgiesii) - Climatron at MOBOT - NOAH
    • Starfruit (Averrhoa carambola) - Food, introduced
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ROSALES  

As of 2023, 895 species of Rosales have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 4,464 throughout the world. The top two most-observed species of Rosales in the US, and five of the top ten, were introduced in the US.

  • FAMILY BARBEYACEAE
  • FAMILY CANNABACEAE
    • Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) - Clinton Lake, German Garden at MOBOT (huge specimen) - NOAH
    • Hemp/Marijuana (Cannabis sativa)
    • Hops (Humulus)
  • FAMILY DIRACHMACEAE
  • FAMILY ELAEAGNACEAE
    • Olives (Elaeagnus) - most commonly-observed species in the US have been introduced - Perry Lake, KS
  • FAMILY MORACEAE
    • Osage Orange (Maclura pomifera)
    • Red Mulberry (Morus rubra) - Great Smoky Mountains NP
    • Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) - 6 (Climatron at MOBOT)
    • Dorstenia sp. - Climatron at MOBOT - NOAH
    • Fig (Ficus sp.) - Schoenberg Temperate House at MOBOT - NOAH
    • Banyan Tree (Ficus benghalensis) - 6 (Climatron at MOBOT)
    • Fiddle Leaf Fig (Ficus lyrata) - 6 (Lied Jungle at Omaha Zoo)
  • FAMILY RHAMNACEAE
    • Ceanothus (Ceanothus) - 7 (Mariposa Grove Trail at Yosemite)
    • New Jersey Tea (Ceanothus americanus) - Heckman Rock Garden at MOBOT - NOAH
    • Buckbrush (Ceanothus cuneatus)
    • Fendler Buckthorn (Ceanothus fendleri) - 6 (Moraine Park at RMNP)
  • FAMILY ROSACEAE
    • Multiflora Rose (Rosa multiflora) - most iNat observations in the US for Rosales. Introduced. - 6 (Onondaga)
    • Toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia) - most native iNat observations in the US for Rosales
    • Serviceberry (Amelanchier alnifolia) - 6 (Moraine Park at RMNP)
    • Smooth Shadbush (Amelanchier laevis) - Great Smoky Mountains NP
    • Curlleaf Mountain Mahogany (Cercocarpus ledifolius) - Methuselah Trail, White Mountains, CA
    • Alderleaf Mountain Mahogany (Cercocarpus montanus) - Ayres Natural Bridge, WY
    • Mountain Misery (Chamaebatia foliolosa) - 7 (Mariposa Grove Trail at Yosemite)
    • Hawthorn (Crataegus sp.) - Great Smoky Mountains NP
    • Shrubby Cinquefoil (Dasiphora fruticosa) - Florissant Fossil Beds - NOAH
    • Virginia Strawberry (Fragaria virginiana)
    • Apples/Crabapples (Malus)
    • Mat Rock Spirea (Petrophytum caespitosum) - Methuselah Trail, White Mountains, CA
    • Berries (Prunus) - Great Smoky Mountains NP
      • Almond (Prunus amygdalus)
      • Apricot (Prunus armeniaca)
      • Plum (Prunus domestica)
      • Peach (Prunus persica)
      • Black Cherry (Prunus serotina)
      • Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana) - 6 (Moraine Park at RMNP)
    • Bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata) - 6 (Moraine Park at RMNP)
    • Callery Pear (Pyrus calleryana)
    • Bartlett Pear (Pyrus communis)
    • Prairie Rose (Rosa arkansana) - 6 (Konza)
    • Dog Rose (Rosa canina) - Perry Lake, KS
    • Woods' Rose (Rosa woodsii) - 6 (Moraine Park at RMNP)
    • Brambles (Rubus)
      • Black Raspberry (Rubus occidentalis)
      • Purpleflowering Raspberry (Rubus odoratus) - 3 (Palmer Pond in the Adirondacks)
      • Thimbleberry (Rubus parviflorus) - 1 (Gibbon Falls at Yellowstone)
      • Blackberries (Rubus)
    • Sibbaldia (Sibbaldia procumbens) - 6 (Alpine VC at RMNP)
    • Greene's Mountain-Ash (Sorbus scopulina) - 1 (Yellowstone)
    • American Mountain-Ash (Sorbus americana) - Great Smoky Mountains NP
    • Meadowsweet (Spiraea) - 1 (Torrey Valley in the Wind River Range)
  • FAMILY ULMACEAE
    • Elms (Ulmus) - Perry Lake, KS, 2 (Great Smoky Mountains NP)
  • FAMILY URTICACEAE
    • Cecropia sp. - Climatron at MOBOT - NOAH
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ZYGOPHYLLALES  

As of 2023, 21 species of Zygophyllales have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 219 throughout the world.

  • FAMILY KRAMERIACEAE
    • Rhatanies (Krameria)
  • FAMILY ZYGOPHYLLACEAE
    • Creosote-Bush (Larrea tridentata) - By far, the most iNat observations in the US for Zygophyllales. Found in all of the Southwestern Deserts. - 7 (Mojave NP, Owens Valley)
    • Caltrops (Kallstroemia)
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